Sometimes, in order to reduce the overall dimension of the switchgear, the following methods can be used:

1)在空气间隙中插入一块非金属的绝缘隔板，从而缩小对绝缘距离的要求。但要注意的是空气净距离不小于60毫米，相间绝缘隔板应设置在中间位置。该方法的缺点是绝缘隔板受使用环境影响很大，存在绝缘老化的问题。

1) Insert a non-metallic insulating diaphragm into the air gap to reduce the requirements for insulation distance. However, it should be noted that the clear air distance shall not be less than 60mm, and the phase to phase insulating partition shall be set in the middle. The disadvantage of this method is that the insulating diaphragm is greatly affected by the service environment, and there is the problem of insulation aging.

2)使用热缩套管把高压带电导体整个套起来，实践中要确保绝缘距离不小于100毫米。缺点是热缩套管同样存在绝缘老化的问题。

2) Use heat shrinkable sleeve to cover the whole high-voltage live conductor. In practice, ensure that the insulation distance is not less than 100mm. The disadvantage is that the heat shrinkable sleeve also has the problem of insulation aging.

综上所述，在设计许可的情况下，尽可能地使用空气绝缘，满足上表的要求。

To sum up, air insulation shall be used as much as possible to meet the requirements of the above table when the design permits.

二.爬电距离

II Creepage distance

由于电力系统用户往往追求高可靠性，实践中我们要符合以下条件：

Since power system users often pursue high reliability, in practice, we should meet the following conditions:

高压开关柜中各组件及其支持绝缘件(纯瓷及绝缘件)的外绝缘爬电比距(高压电器组件外绝缘的爬电距离与额定电压之比)对于纯瓷绝缘为18 mm/k V，对于绝缘为20 mm/k V。

The external insulation creepage distance (the ratio of the creepage distance of the external insulation of the high-voltage electrical components to the rated voltage) of each component and its supporting insulating parts (pure porcelain and insulating parts) in the high-voltage switchgear is 18 mm / kV for pure porcelain insulation and 20 mm / kV for insulation.

由于这一要求比较高，很多常规的元器件往往满足不了要求，这就要求我们告知元器件生产厂家加以定制。元器件生产厂家往往会采用不增加绝缘子高度而增多的方法。

As this requirement is relatively high, many conventional components often can not meet the requirements, which requires us to inform the component manufacturer to customize. Component manufacturers often adopt the method of increasing without increasing the insulator height.

我们在选型时要注意裙边的高度与裙距比例不能太悬殊，另外，我们还应注意开关柜使用场所的环境条件，为了防止发生凝露，我们可以在开关柜中加入带自动控制的加热器。

When selecting the type, we should pay attention to the ratio of skirt height to skirt distance. In addition, we should also pay attention to the environmental conditions of the place where the switchgear is used. In order to prevent condensation, we can add a heater with automatic control in the switchgear.

三.防护等级

III Degree of protection

为了防止人体接近高压开关柜的高压带电部分和触及运动部分，在设计开关柜时，我们应考虑要达到几级防护等级。

In order to prevent the human body from approaching the high-voltage live part and touching the moving part of the high-voltage switchgear, we should consider how many levels of protection should be achieved when designing the switchgear.

设计时我们要注意随着防护等级的提高，生产成本相应提高，散热条件变差，所以不能追求高的防护等级，一般以I P 3 X和I P 4 X为宜。

In the design, we should pay attention to that with the improvement of protection level, the production cost increases accordingly and the heat dissipation conditions become worse. Therefore, we cannot pursue high protection level. Generally, IP3X and IP4X are appropriate.

四.动稳定

IV Dynamic stability

在电力系统中，高压开关柜通常要能承受2 0 k A，3 2 k A，4 0 k A甚至5 0 k A的额定短路开断电流，当开关柜中通过如此大的电流时，相间及同相母线之间会产生很大的电动力。这时，我们需借助支撑绝缘子的支撑，使母线不会产生明显位移。

In the power system, the high-voltage switchgear usually can withstand the rated short-circuit breaking current of 20 Ka, 32 Ka, 40 Ka or even 50 Ka. When such a large current passes through the switchgear, great electric power will be generated between phases and in-phase buses. At this time, we need the support of the support insulator to prevent the bus from obvious displacement.

五.温升

V temperature rise

电力系统中开关柜通常要能承受4 0 0 0 A

In the power system, the switch cabinet is usually able to withstand 400 a

及以下的正常工作电流，由于一次元器件通常处于密封的柜内运行，他们产生的热量很难散发到柜外，所以导致柜内温度升高。若温度超过以下限定值，便会烧毁元器件，酿成事故。

And below the normal working current, because the primary components usually operate in a sealed cabinet, the heat generated by them is difficult to be dissipated outside the cabinet, resulting in an increase in the temperature in the cabinet. If the temperature exceeds the following limit values, the components will be burned, resulting in accidents.

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