The causes and solutions of the five common faults of high and low voltage electrical equipment, the analysis of the causes of electrical equipment, high and low voltage switchgear fault causes, mostly in the insulation, conductive and mechanical aspects.

1、绝缘故障：

1. Insulation fault:

绝缘水平是要正确处理作用在绝缘上的各种电压（包括运行电压和各种过电压）、各种限压办法、绝缘强度这三者之间的联系。力求使产品做到既安全又经济，得到不错的经济效益。在绝缘方面的故障首要表现为外绝缘对地闪络击穿，内绝缘对地闪络击穿，相间绝缘闪络击穿，雷电过电压闪络击穿，瓷瓶套管、电容套管闪络、污闪、击穿、爆炸，提升杆闪络，CT闪络、击穿、爆炸，瓷瓶断裂等。

Insulation level is to correctly deal with the relationship among various voltages (including operating voltage and overvoltage), various voltage limiting methods and insulation strength. Strive to make the product safe and economic, get good economic benefits. The main faults in insulation are flashover and breakdown of external insulation to ground, flashover and breakdown of internal insulation to ground, flashover and breakdown of interphase insulation, flashover and breakdown of lightning overvoltage, flashover, pollution flashover, breakdown and explosion of porcelain bushing and capacitor bushing, flashover of lifting rod, flashover, breakdown and explosion of CT, and fracture of porcelain insulator.

2、载流故障：

2. Current carrying fault:

72～12KV电压等级产生的载流故障首要原因是开关柜阻隔插头接触不良导致触头烧融。

The primary cause of current carrying fault caused by 72-12kv voltage level is poor contact of blocking plug of switch cabinet, which leads to contact burning.

3、拒动、误动故障：

3. Failure of refusing to operate and maloperation:

这种故障是高低压成套开关设备是首要的故障，其原因可分为两类。一类是因操动组织及传动系统的机械故障形成，具体表现为组织卡涩，部件变形、位移或损坏，分合闸铁芯松动、卡涩，轴销松断，脱扣失灵等。另一类是因电气控制和辅佐回路形成，表现为二次接线接触不良，端子松动，接线错误，分合闸线圈因组织卡涩或转换开关不良而烧损，辅佐开关切换不灵，以及操作电源、合闸接触器、微动开关等故障。

This kind of fault is the primary fault of high and low voltage switchgear, and its causes can be divided into two categories. One is caused by mechanical failure of operating organization and transmission system, which is characterized by tissue jam, deformation, displacement or damage of components, loose and jam of opening and closing iron core, loose and broken axle pin, tripping failure, etc. The other is due to the formation of electrical control and auxiliary circuit, such as poor contact of secondary wiring, loose terminals, wrong wiring, burning loss of opening and closing coil due to poor organization or poor transfer switch, ineffective switching of auxiliary switch, and operating power supply, closing contactor, micro switch on and off.

4、开断与关合故障：

4. Breaking and closing fault:

这类故障是由断路器本体形成的，对少油断路器而言，首要表现为喷油短路、灭弧室烧损、开断才能缺乏、关合时爆炸等。关于真空断路器而言，表现为灭弧室及波纹管漏气、真空度下降、切电容器组重燃、陶瓷管决裂等。

This kind of fault is formed by the circuit breaker itself. For the less oil circuit breaker, the main performance is short circuit of fuel injection, burning of arc chamber, lack of breaking ability, explosion when closing, etc. As for vacuum circuit breaker, it is manifested as air leakage in arc extinguish chamber and bellows, vacuum drop, re ignition of capacitor bank, crack of ceramic tube, etc.

5、外力及其他故障：

5. External force and other faults:

包括异物碰击，自然灾害，小动物短路等不可知的其他外力及意外故障的产生。

Including foreign body impact, natural disasters, short circuit of small animals and other unknown external forces and accidents.